Arizona Congressman David Schweikert (R-AZ-01), chairman of the Joint Economic Committee (JEC), introduced legislation aimed at overhauling the nation’s employment-based immigration system to prioritize highly skilled workers, strengthen economic growth, and reduce federal debt.
According to the JEC, the proposed reforms could save the federal government approximately $335 billion and increase U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) by at least $549 billion over the next decade.
The legislation would replace the existing H-1B visa program with a more selective system focused on addressing labor shortages in specific industries. It would also restructure employment-based immigration to prioritize applicants based on qualifications, education, experience, and economic contributions rather than application order.
Additional provisions would eliminate country-based visa caps, reduce family-sponsored immigration, redirect diversity lottery visas toward employment-based applicants, and replace the existing EB-5 investor visa program with a system modeled after the Trump Gold Card initiative.
Supporters argue the changes would improve labor market conditions for American workers while allowing businesses to recruit specialized foreign talent in industries experiencing workforce shortages.
The SMARTER Act: Ends mass migration, replaces H-1B visas with a measured, merit-based system that admits only the most valuable applicants; Improves labor market conditions for American workers by reducing excess imported labor; Supports economic growth, technological…
— Joint Economic Committee Republicans (@JECRepublicans) October 20, 2026
“Today in the United States, we have the same number of 18-year-olds as we did almost 20 years ago, while the older population is growing exponentially, creating a demographic shift that shrinks the workforce needed to sustain our long-term financial health,” said Schweikert.
“If we are serious about tackling our debt, growing our economy, and safeguarding our earned federal benefits, we must cultivate a workforce that continues to compete globally at the highest level, supports our domestic industries, and optimizes our nation’s financial viability,” he added.
The proposal follows a March 18 congressional hearing titled Keeping Our Promises: Labor Inflows, Maintaining Competitiveness, and Supporting an Aging Population, which examined the economic implications of immigration and an aging American workforce.
Alongside the legislation, the JEC released an October 19 issue brief titled Young, Talented, and Ready: Pivoting Toward a National Scheme of Points-Based Immigration, outlining how changes to immigration policy could address demographic challenges and improve the nation’s long-term fiscal outlook.
The report highlighted the growing imbalance between younger Americans entering the workforce and older Americans approaching retirement.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Americans under age 18 accounted for approximately 25% of the population in 2004, compared to 21.5% in 2024.
Meanwhile, the share of Americans aged 65 and older increased from 12.4% to 18% during the same period, highlighting the nation’s aging population and the challenges associated with a changing workforce.
The JEC argues that an aging population, combined with a shrinking share of younger workers, threatens economic productivity and places additional pressure on federal programs and government finances.
The report also points to the nation’s growing debt burden, which has exceeded $40 trillion, with the debt-to-GDP ratio surpassing 120%.
According to the committee, attracting highly skilled immigrants could help increase economic output, generate additional tax revenue, encourage entrepreneurship, and support technological innovation.
The JEC also warned that the United States faces increasing international competition for specialized workers, particularly from countries such as Canada, China, and the United Kingdom.
The report cited Canada’s 2023 Tech Talent Strategy, which attracted 10,000 applicants through a program targeting U.S. H-1B visa holders within 24 hours of opening.
Schweikert argued that reforming the immigration system would help the United States remain competitive while addressing domestic workforce shortages and protecting American workers.
“To address our workforce shortages and elevate American productivity while increasing workers’ value, it is imperative to reform policies to prioritize selective, high-skilled, employment-based visas over family-sponsored or diversity migration,” added Schweikert. “This is truly prioritizing America, as we strengthen our economic prosperity and national security by building the best workforce of the future while expanding opportunities for all Americans.”
The JEC estimates that the SMARTER Act could generate approximately $1.34 trillion in federal savings over 20 years, assuming immigration levels remain consistent with current annual totals.
The legislation has been introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives but would need to pass both chambers of Congress before being signed into law.
Ethan Faverino is a reporter for AZ Free News. You can send him news tips using this link.
Federal interest payments could consume more than half of federal tax revenue by 2036, as rising borrowing costs and mounting national debt threaten the nation’s long-term fiscal stability, according to a new report from Congress’ Joint Economic Committee (JEC).
The report, titled Federal Interest Spending Could Now Exceed Half of Available Tax Receipts in Ten Years, warns that higher interest rates could significantly increase the federal government’s debt-servicing costs, placing additional pressure on the federal budget over the next decade.
According to the JEC, net interest payments could account for 55.4% of federal receipts excluding payroll taxes by 2036 under a higher-interest-rate scenario, compared to 38.1% under the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) baseline projections.
The findings come as the national debt has surpassed $40 trillion, with approximately $32.4 trillion held by the public at the end of fiscal year 2026.
Interest payments could consume 55 percent of federal receipts excluding payroll taxes by 2036.Under CBO's higher-rate scenario, net interest spending would reach 55.4 percent of available tax receipts by 2036, compared with 38.1 percent under CBO's baseline projection. Even…
— Joint Economic Committee Republicans (@JECRepublicans) October 15, 2026
“We are rapidly approaching a fiscal reality where more than half of federal receipts outside of payroll taxes could go toward servicing our debt by 2036,” stated JEC Chairman and Arizona Congressman David Schweikert (R-AZ-01).
“Under this higher interest rate scenario, we could spend $23 trillion on interest alone over the next decade. That is spending not on Social Security, not on Medicare, not on national defense, but simply paying for yesterday’s borrowing,” Schweikert added.
According to the JEC, the yield on 10-year Treasury notes increased from approximately 4.2% in February to 5.2% on October 1, 2026. The increase reflects higher federal borrowing costs, raising concerns that interest rates could remain above earlier projections and place additional pressure on the federal budget.
The report draws on a recent CBO analysis examining how higher interest rates could affect federal deficits, debt, and borrowing costs between 2026 and 2036.
Under a scenario in which interest rates remain 1.5 percentage points above the CBO’s February 2026 baseline projections, cumulative federal deficits would increase by approximately $6 trillion over the next decade.
Even under a less severe scenario in which interest rates remain 0.5 percentage points above the CBO’s baseline projections, cumulative federal deficits would increase by approximately $1.9 trillion through 2036, highlighting the federal government’s growing sensitivity to borrowing costs.
Of the projected $6 trillion increase under the higher-rate scenario, approximately $4.9 trillion would result directly from higher interest costs, while an additional $1.1 trillion would come from borrowing needed to finance those increased payments.
The JEC estimates that total net interest spending could reach $23.2 trillion through 2036 under the higher-rate scenario, compared to approximately $17.2 trillion under the CBO’s baseline projections.
The report also highlights the federal government’s exposure to rising borrowing costs as existing debt matures. Approximately $10 trillion in marketable Treasury debt is expected to mature within the next year, potentially requiring refinancing at higher interest rates.
Under the higher-rate scenario, annual federal interest spending would grow by an average of 10.8% over the next decade, significantly exceeding projected annual economic growth of 3.9%.
“When interest costs are growing nearly three times faster than the economy, the math becomes impossible to ignore,” stated Schweikert. “Every dollar we borrow makes us more vulnerable to higher interest rates and leaves fewer resources for everything else. We are approaching a debt spiral that could become mathematically impossible to escape and the window to avert a full-blown fiscal crisis is rapidly closing.”
The CBO further estimates that debt held by the public could reach 133.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2036 under the higher-rate scenario, compared to 120.2% under its baseline projections.
The JEC warned that without significant reductions in federal spending, rising interest obligations could leave Congress facing increasingly difficult decisions involving higher taxes, reduced government spending, or additional borrowing to meet existing financial obligations.
Ethan Faverino is a reporter for AZ Free News. You can send him news tips using this link.
The U.S. House of Representatives passed Kayleigh’s Law in late August, introduced in April by Rep. Abe Hamadeh (R-AZ-08). The Senate Judiciary Committee has not yet scheduled action on the measure.
H.R. 8481, the Kayleigh’s Law Act of 2026, passed the House by voice vote on Aug. 31; no individual vote tally was recorded. Reps. Andy Biggs (R-AZ-05), Eli Crane (R-AZ-02), Paul Gosar (R-AZ-09), Juan Ciscomani (R-AZ-06), and David Schweikert (R-AZ-01) were original cosponsors.
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"Mr. Speaker, I rise today as a former prosecutor and as an Arizonan who has seen what happens when the system prioritizes a criminal over the victim."
Congressman Hamadeh takes the House floor to champion his bill, H.R. 8481, the Kayleigh’s Law Act of 2026. pic.twitter.com/Yq4fy8PuHH
— Office of Congressman Abe Hamadeh (@RepAbeHamadeh) August 31, 2026
The Senate companion, S. 5372, was introduced Aug. 7 by Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. No hearing or markup date has been posted.
The bill is named for Kayleigh Kozak, an Arizona mother of five who was sexually abused as a child by her soccer coach. In 2020, 13 years after the offender’s conviction, Kozak was brought back to court when her attacker sought to end his lifetime probation.
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Congressman Hamadeh promised @kayleigh_kozak that if he got to Congress, he would pass federal Kayleigh’s Law, the lifetime no-contact protection Arizona enacted in her honor.
He introduced it. He pushed it. Yesterday, he brought Kayleigh and her family to the… pic.twitter.com/xYjFyGiQt6
— Office of Congressman Abe Hamadeh (@RepAbeHamadeh) September 1, 2026
Arizona enacted its state version of Kayleigh’s Law through Senate Bill 1653 in 2022. The federal bill would require a court at sentencing to issue a lifetime no-contact order when a victim—or the government with the victim’s consent—requests one following a conviction for a qualifying federal violent felony or sex offense. The order could be suspended or terminated only under limited circumstances specified in the bill. Victims could not be charged a fee for its issuance.
Lee said in August that victims “often have to face their abusers in court over and over again.” Kozak said the harm caused by sexual assault is lifelong and its protections should be as well.
Like too many other abuse victims, @kayleigh_kozak was forced to repeatedly face the soccer coach who assaulted her as a child, just to get courts to keep him away.
Victims deserve protection, not more fear for their safety.
Hamadeh called the House vote “promise made, promise kept.”
In a post on X, Biggs wrote, “The U.S. House did its job to protect victims of certain violent crimes in passing Kayleigh’s Law this week. Now, the U.S. Senate must act before the clock runs out on us in January. We cannot fail these victims. We must send Kayleigh’s Law to the President’s desk.”
The U.S. House did its job to protect victims of certain violent crimes in passing Kayleigh’s Law this week.
Now, the U.S. Senate must act before the clock runs out on us in January.
We cannot fail these victims. We must send Kayleigh's Law to the President's desk.
In a post quoting Biggs, Lee wrote, “Proud to have introduced Kayleigh’s Law in the Senate. Victims should not suffer years of unwanted contact with their abusers. And @RepAndyBiggsAZ is right: as with a large number of important House bills, we need to stop sitting around and PASS IT to President Trump’s desk!”
Proud to have introduced Kayleigh’s Law in the Senate. Victims should not suffer years of unwanted contact with their abusers.
And @RepAndyBiggsAZ is right: as with a large number of important House bills, we need to stop sitting around and PASS IT to President Trump’s desk! https://t.co/mRum5DDMgN
Legislation that does not become law before the 119th Congress ends in January would have to be introduced again in the next Congress.
AZ Free News contacted Lee’s office seeking a timeline for Senate Judiciary Committee consideration. No response was received by the time of publication.
Republicans hold the majority on the Judiciary Committee, which is chaired by Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA). The House passed the measure without recorded opposition. Its next potential steps include a committee hearing or markup on S. 5372, or Senate consideration of the House-passed bill.
Until the Senate acts, the Arizona-born proposal remains legislation and has not reached the president.
President Donald Trump signed a temporary federal funding measure Wednesday that finances government operations through Dec. 11 while Congress works on fiscal year 2027 appropriations.
The House approved the Senate-amended version of H.R. 6500 on Sept. 1 by a vote of 370-48, with 14 members absent. The supporting votes included 193 Republicans, 176 Democrats, and one independent.
Arizona’s House delegation divided 5-4 on the measure.
Republican Reps. Juan Ciscomani (R-AZ-06), Abe Hamadeh (R-AZ-08), and Paul Gosar (R-AZ-09) joined Democratic Reps. Greg Stanton (D-AZ-04) and Adelita Grijalva (D-AZ-07) in voting for the bill. Republican Reps. David Schweikert (R-AZ-01), Eli Crane (R-AZ-02), and Andy Biggs (R-AZ-05) joined Democratic Rep. Yassamin Ansari (D-AZ-03) in opposing it.
The Senate passed the measure Aug. 8 by a vote of 90-6. One senator voted present and three did not vote. Arizona Democratic Sens. Mark Kelly and Ruben Gallego both supported the bill.
The enrolled legislation generally continues programs covered by the 12 annual appropriations acts at rates derived from fiscal year 2026 funding. Those appropriations encompass defense, homeland security, veterans’ services, transportation, housing, health, education, federal land management, and other government operations.
The law directs agencies to take limited funding actions during the stopgap period and generally prevents projects that received no money or authority during fiscal year 2026 from being initiated. It also permits agencies to fund civilian compensation at rates needed to avoid furloughs after reducing or deferring eligible administrative expenses.
For Arizona, the measure maintains funding for federal personnel and operations along the international border, at military installations, in national forests and parks, and throughout the state’s federal health care and veterans’ systems.
Ciscomani said a shutdown would have disrupted military pay, required Customs and Border Protection personnel and other federal law enforcement officers to continue working without pay, and affected services for nearly 80,000 veterans in his southern Arizona district.
Today, I voted for a bipartisan, temporary Continuing Resolution (CR) to prevent another government shutdown. A government shutdown is not a political game; it has REAL consequences. It disrupts pay for our troops, leaves CBP agents and law enforcement working without pay, and…
“A government shutdown is not a political game; it has REAL consequences,” Ciscomani said. “It disrupts pay for our troops, leaves CBP agents and law enforcement working without pay, and disrupts services for the nearly 80,000 veterans I have the privilege of representing.”
The stopgap also keeps some new fiscal year 2027 spending from beginning until Congress enacts regular appropriations. Ciscomani said operating under a continuing resolution could postpone $42.7 million in proposed projects for Arizona’s Sixth Congressional District that had cleared initial appropriations hurdles.
He concluded, “I have NEVER supported a government shutdown—partial or full. Arizona families should not have to pay the price for Washington’s dysfunction. The House did the right thing today by coming together to keep the government open, keep essential services running, and continue delivering for Arizona.”
One provision with a direct Arizona connection authorizes the Interior Department to fund its assumption of the remaining responsibilities of the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation.
The relocation office was created to administer benefits arising from the federal division of disputed Navajo and Hopi lands in northeastern Arizona. Its remaining work includes administrative appeals, fiduciary responsibilities, land management, and livestock obligations. Congress directed Interior Department to begin handling those outstanding responsibilities as part of the office’s closure, according to a Congressional Research Service report updated in February.
The law also provides additional funding authority for the Indian Health Service (IHS) at operating rates of $75.8 million for health services and $8.3 million for facilities. The money is intended to staff and operate facilities opened, expanded or renovated during fiscal years 2022, 2026 and 2027. The legislation states national account rates and leaves facility-level allocations to the agency.
The IHS maintains Phoenix, Navajo, and Tucson administrative areas with hospitals, clinics, and health centers located throughout Arizona. The Phoenix Area system provides health and community services to approximately 180,000 Native Americans in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah through service units and tribally operated facilities. The Phoenix Indian Medical Center alone provides direct services to more than 171,000 patients.
Wildfire and disaster operations also received special treatment in the stopgap.
The Interior Department and U.S. Forest Service may spend at rates needed for wildfire suppression during the approximately 10-week funding period. Arizona fire officials entered 2026 anticipating increased fire activity because of persistent dryness, fine fuels, drought-stressed vegetation, and tree mortality.
The law gives the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) similar flexibility to fund disaster response and recovery. It also extends the National Flood Insurance Program through Dec. 11.
Transportation programs that were scheduled to expire Sept. 30 will continue through Dec. 11 under a separate division of the legislation. The extension provides a proportional share of fiscal year 2026 highway and mass transit funding and extends the federal government’s authority to spend from the Highway Trust Fund.
Federal funding accounts for most of the money used in Arizona’s highway construction program. ADOT’s 2026-2030 program includes $2.77 billion for pavement and bridge preservation, $742.9 million for highway expansion, and $603.6 million for modernization.
The law also authorizes the Transportation Department to spend at the rate needed to maintain Essential Air Service. The program subsidizes commercial flights connecting Page and Show Low with Phoenix and Prescott with Denver and Los Angeles.
The Transportation Department’s May 2026 program report listed annual subsidies of approximately $4.4 million for Page, $5.9 million for Show Low, and $6.3 million for Prescott, totaling about $16.6 million.
Federal nutrition and housing programs serving Arizona residents will also continue.
The law maintains mandatory payments and activities under the Food and Nutrition Act, which covers the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Arizona reported that 451,762 people received SNAP benefits in May 2026.
The measure allows the Department of Agriculture to spend at rates needed to maintain participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the existing caseload for the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP). Arizona administers the latter program as the Commodity Senior Food Program, providing monthly USDA food packages to qualifying residents who are at least 60 years old. The state projected an average monthly caseload of 29,931 people during fiscal year 2026 in its budget materials.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development may use prior-year balances to prevent families from losing tenant-based rental assistance because of insufficient funding during the 2026 calendar-year cycle. The City of Phoenix’s Housing Choice Voucher program alone assists more than 7,000 households.
H.R. 6500 also extends a series of veterans’ programs through Dec. 11. Those provisions cover rural mental-health services, suicide-prevention grants, assistance for family caregivers, ambulance reimbursement for qualifying rural veterans, housing support for homeless veterans, transportation to VA facilities, and adaptive sports programs for disabled veterans and service members.
The Department of Veterans Affairs estimated Arizona’s veteran population at 467,010 in fiscal year 2025. Nearly 160,000 Arizona veterans received disability compensation totaling an estimated $4.24 billion annually, while more than 53,000 participated in VA education programs.
The law also permits the Small Business Administration to adjust spending to meet demand for 7(a), 504 and Small Business Investment Company financing. The 7(a) program is the agency’s primary lending program and guarantees qualifying loans for real estate, equipment, working capital, business acquisitions, and other expenses.
H.R. 6500 keeps those operations and programs funded until Congress enacts the applicable fiscal year 2027 appropriations bill or the stopgap expires on Dec. 11.
The U.S. House passed legislation mandating victims of certain sexual or violent crimes have lifetime protections against their abusers.
Rep. Abe Hamadeh (R-AZ-08) sponsored the Kayleigh’s Law Act of 2026, or Kayleigh’s Law, named after Arizona native and survivor advocate Kayleigh Kozak. Reps. Andy Biggs (R-AZ-05), Eli Crane (R-AZ-02), Paul Gosar (R-AZ-09), Juan Ciscomani (R-AZ-06), and David Schweikert (R-AZ-01) were among the bill’s original cosponsors.
The legislation passed via unanimous voice vote on Monday.
In an address on the House floor, Hamadeh said that the bill would ensure that the criminal justice system would no longer prioritize the desires of abusers over the safety of victims.
In a press release, Hamadeh stated that Kayleigh’s Law would “eliminate the ‘legal tug-of-war’” requiring survivors to face their abusers in court.
“This bill is simple. When a predator is convicted, federal courts must issue a lifelong no-contact injunction. Not until probation ends. Not until some judge decides the offender has ‘moved on.’ For life,” said Hamadeh. “Victims should never again have to fill out another form, sit across from their abuser, or look over their shoulder because the sentence ran out and the system shrugged.”
Kozak has attested in many interviews in recent years that she was victimized by her middle school P.E. teacher who was also her soccer coach. Her abuser requested an end to probation in 2020, 13 years after his conviction, and Kozak was given three weeks’ notice.
“Two times as an adult she was hauled back to look at the man who destroyed her childhood just to keep him away. No victim should ever have to do that,” said Hamadeh.
🇺🇸WATCH🇺🇸
"Mr. Speaker, I rise today as a former prosecutor and as an Arizonan who has seen what happens when the system prioritizes a criminal over the victim."
Congressman Hamadeh takes the House floor to champion his bill, H.R. 8481, the Kayleigh’s Law Act of 2026. pic.twitter.com/Yq4fy8PuHH
— Office of Congressman Abe Hamadeh (@RepAbeHamadeh) August 31, 2026
Arizona law already requires courts to issue a lifelong no-contact injunction for sex offenders. This federal version would expand that no-contact mandate to certain violent felons.
“Contact” was defined to mean all direct or indirect communication, transmission, or physical interaction, including written, oral, electronic, digital, or physical means and communications executed through an intermediary or technological systems.
The Arizona version of this legislation was enacted in 2022, and is also named Kayleigh’s Law.
Biggs’ running mate for Arizona Governor, Sine Kerr, was the sponsor that led passage of the Arizona version of Kayleigh’s Law.
Today, the U.S. House unanimously passed Kayleigh’s Law by voice vote.
This victim-centered, public safety-focused legislation ensures that victims of violent crime have meaningful protections at the federal level while also serving as a model for states seeking to better… pic.twitter.com/XgJyXsdM8B
According to Hamadeh’s office, more than 1,000 child sex abuse survivors in Arizona benefited from the state’s lifetime no-contact protections within the first year of the law’s enactment.
“Kayleigh’s Law would give every American victim of a federal sex crime or a violent felony that same shield,” said Hamadeh. “Healing cannot begin if the abuser can show up again the day after release. Justice is not complete if the victim still lives in fear. Arizona already closed that gap; it is time the federal government did the same, so no American, no matter which state they live in, is left unprotected after a federal conviction.”
Three of Kozak’s five children were present with her for the passage of the bill.
A related bill, also titled Kayleigh’s Law Act of 2026, is making its way through the Senate under sponsorship from Utah Sen. Mike Lee. It was read twice and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee last month.
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