Oldest Firearm In North America Discovered In Arizona
By Matthew Holloway |
A study published in the International Journal of Historical Archaeology, revealed a detailed discovery of what has been described as “the oldest firearm ever found within the continental USA, and perhaps the oldest cannon currently known on the continent.”
As reported by ancient-origins, the cannon, a bronze wall gun dated to the Coronado expedition of 1539–1542, was found in the Santa Cruz Valley of southern Arizona. The weapon is described as measuring 42 inches long and approximately .95 inches in bore diameter, weighing in at approximately forty pounds. The outlet described it as roughly the equivalent of a 5-gauge shotgun of the sort typically employed to breach the fortifications of the 16th Century.
The weapon was reportedly discovered on the floor of a heavily eroded adobe-and-rock-walled building, undisturbed for approximately 480 years. Though its date of manufacture is unclear, the context of its use can be effectively determined at 1541.
As independent journalist Mario Nawfal reported via X, “The relic was unearthed at San Geronimo III, a Spanish settlement established in 1541 during Francisco Vázquez de Coronado’s quest for the mythical “Seven Cities of Gold.” This cannon symbolizes resistance, marking one of the earliest Native American victories. The Sobaipuri O’odham launched a surprise attack on the settlement, dismantling Spain’s foothold in the Southwest.”
In the study as cited by Newsweek, the authors, Deni J. Seymour and William P. Mapoles observed, “It is a design consistent with the mid-to-late 1400s and was practically obsolete by the time of the expedition. This cast bronze cannon is a pristine historical specimen and was found in situ, resting on the floor of a Coronado expedition Spanish structure,” the authors wrote in the study.
They added, “This gun is small enough that it would have been easily transportable, weighing about 40 pounds and is roughly 42 inches long. This was the perfect piece to carry on this expedition owing to its light weight, durable nature, and ease of use,” the authors said. “The expedition brought artillery pieces so that as they traveled to unknown lands they could breech the wooden or light adobe walls of cities encountered and so they could repel any enemy.”
The authors added, “The advantage of this type of firearm is that it is versatile, which was especially valuable for an expedition embarking on such a long land journey. For example, the powder charge could be varied from light to heavy depending on the intended target, which also determined the recoil. It could be fired in the fork of a tree, across the saddle of a mount, over a wall, or with a tripod which meant that it could be used just about anywhere.”
As noted by ancient-origins, the relevant historic records suggest that the cannon’s immaculate condition was left behind by retreating Spanish forces during an attack by the Sobaipuri O’odham on a Spanish settlement. This is supported by the fact that the cannon was found unloaded and showed no signs of being fired, surrounded by nearby clusters of lead shot and Sobaipuri arrowheads.
Matthew Holloway is a reporter for AZ Free News. Follow him on X for his latest stories, or email tips to Matthew@azfreenews.com.