by Matthew Holloway | Jun 2, 2025 | Economy, News
By Matthew Holloway |
The Phillips 66 Los Angeles Oil Refinery, in operation for 102 years, is set to shut down in October and will leave California with a dwindling network of just eight refineries remaining. The closure places the already fragile supply lines of gasoline and diesel fuel for California, Arizona, and Nevada in question.
All three states utilize California’s Low Carbon Fuel standard for fuel known as California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG), which is 90% petroleum-based gasoline and 10% ethanol, ostensibly designed to reduce air pollution and decrease emissions of smog-forming toxins. The closure is expected to have a wide impact across the region on prices for gasoline, diesel, and even aviation fuels.
The Phillips 66 refinery accounts for approximately 8.57% of California’s overall refinery capacity. The closure, announced last year, drew bipartisan pleas from Arizona and Nevada’s governors to California’s Governor Gavin Newsom who asked him not to authorize new legislation that allows California to demand more fuel be held in-state for California’s needs, regardless of outside demand.
Arizona’s Democrat Governor Katie Hobbs and Nevada’ Republican Governor Joe Lombardo said in a joint statement, “It is evident that increased regulatory burdens on refiners and forced supply shortages will result in higher costs for consumers in all of our states. With both of our states reliant on California pipelines for significant amounts of our fuel, these looming cost increases and supply shortages are of tremendous concern to Arizona and Nevada.”
According to OANN, a spokesman for Newsom told the outlet that the California law will “prevent price spikes that cost Californians upwards of $2 billion last year, giving the state more tools to require that petroleum refiners backfill supplies and plan ahead of maintenance.” Although he reassured Californians at the time that “the state has the tools to make sure they backfill supplies and plan ahead for maintenance,” he made no such reassurance to Arizona or Nevada.
California Republican Assemblywoman Kate Sanchez warned in a post to X, “Expect CA gas prices to skyrocket and more refineries to shut down as Sacramento Democrats double down on their agenda to exterminate affordability and make a middle-class life impossible to achieve for millions.”
Newsom accused Hobbs and Lombardo of repeating Big Oil talking points, saying their concerns reflected “the oil industry’s talking points rather than the facts.” He claimed that the California Energy Commission will be able to dampen price spikes and supply shortages with a spokesman calling their letter a “stunt” to appease “Big Oil Donors.”
Newsom signed the bill over the objections of both neighboring governors.
Matthew Holloway is a senior reporter for AZ Free News. Follow him on X for his latest stories, or email tips to Matthew@azfreenews.com.
by Jonathan Eberle | Apr 26, 2025 | Economy, News
By Jonathan Eberle |
California is poised to lose a significant portion of its oil refining capacity by the end of 2026, as Valero announced the closure of its Benicia refinery—its second largest in the state—just months after Phillips 66 declared plans to shut down its Los Angeles facility. Together, the closures will eliminate roughly 17.4% of California’s total refining output, a shift expected to ripple beyond state borders, potentially triggering gasoline price spikes and supply disruptions in neighboring Arizona and Nevada.
These developments come on the heels of new state regulations introduced under Governor Gavin Newsom, which impose strict oversight on refinery operations. The rules limit when refineries can conduct maintenance, mandate increased inventory storage, and aim to curb perceived “price manipulation.” However, the energy industry and regional leaders argue these measures are accelerating refinery shutdowns and undermining fuel stability across the Southwest.
California operates as an “energy island,” with limited ability to import refined fuel from other U.S. regions due to the federal Jones Act, which restricts domestic shipping to U.S.-built and -crewed vessels. With U.S. shipbuilding capacity far behind that of countries like China, domestic maritime transport remains scarce and costly. As a result, California will increasingly rely on foreign tanker ships for fuel imports—an emissions-intensive, volatile, and expensive solution.
Governor Newsom claims California’s high gas prices are due to refinery “price gouging,” despite his own administration’s lack of evidence. His regulatory push has faced bipartisan opposition, including a joint letter from Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs and Nevada Governor Joe Lombardo warning that new refinery laws could lead to “higher costs for consumers” in all three states. Chevron echoed this concern, stating that the regulations would increase both the likelihood and duration of fuel shortages, while permanently raising consumer prices.
Refineries in California are already operating at or near full capacity. With no new facilities planned—especially as the state pushes to ban new gas-powered car sales by 2035—any closure tightens supply margins. The upcoming shutdowns will reduce daily refining capacity to 1.34 million barrels, well below the state’s consumption level of 1.8 million barrels per day, necessitating a shortfall of over 140 million barrels per year.
Due to California’s requirement for a specialized gasoline blend, few out-of-state refiners can meet demand, further narrowing supply options. These vulnerabilities were recently exposed when the temporary shutdown of the Martinez refinery sent gas prices soaring across the region, including in Arizona and Nevada.
With California gas prices already the nation’s highest—averaging $4.86 per gallon—experts warn that future supply shocks could bring about even more dramatic volatility and potential fuel shortages across the Southwest.
Jonathan Eberle is a reporter for AZ Free News. You can send him news tips using this link.
